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    英語演講教程英文版

    前言:本站為你精心整理了英語演講教程英文版范文,希望能為你的創作提供參考價值,我們的客服老師可以幫助你提供個性化的參考范文,歡迎咨詢。

    PresentationsandPublicSpeakinginEnglish

    Apresentationisaformaltalktooneormorepeoplethat"presents"ideasorinformationinaclear,structuredway.Peoplearesometimesafraidofspeakinginpublic,butifyoufollowafewsimplerules,givingapresentationisactuallyveryeasy.ThistutorialguidesyouthrougheachstageofgivingapresentationinEnglish,fromtheinitialpreparationtotheconclusionandquestionsandanswers.Thistutorialisitselfsetoutlikeamini-presentation.

    Preparation

    Canyounamethe3mostimportantthingswhengivinganypresentation?

    Number1is...Preparation

    Number2is...Preparation!

    Number3is...Preparation!!

    Preparationiseverything!

    Withgoodpreparationandplanningyouwillbetotallyconfidentandlessnervous.Andyouraudiencewillfeelyourconfidence.Youraudience,too,willbeconfident.theywillbeconfidentinyou.Andthiswillgiveyoucontrol.Controlofyouraudienceandofyourpresentation.Withcontrol,youwillbe''''incharge''''andyouraudiencewilllistenpositivelytoyourmessage.

    Objective

    Beforeyoustarttoprepareapresentation,youshouldaskyourself:"WhyamImakingthispresentation?"Doyouneedtoinform,topersuade,totrainortosell?Yourobjectiveshouldbeclearinyourmind.Ifitisnotclearinyourmind,itcannotpossiblybecleartoyouraudience.

    Audience

    "WhoamImakingthispresentationto?"Sometimesthiswillbeobvious,butnotalways.Youshouldtrytoinformyourself.Howmanypeople?Whoarethey?Businesspeople?Professionalpeople?Politicalpeople?Expertsornon-experts?Willitbeasmall,intimategroupof4colleaguesoralargegatheringof400competitors?Howmuchdotheyknowalreadyandwhatwilltheyexpectfromyou?

    Venue

    "WhereamImakingthispresentation?"Inasmallhotelmeeting-roomoralargeconferencehall?Whatfacilitiesandequipmentareavailable?Whataretheseatingarrangements?

    Timeandlength

    "WhenamImakingthispresentationandhowlongwillitbe?"Willitbe5minutesor1hour?Justbeforelunch,whenyouraudiencewillbehungry,orjustafterlunch,whenyouraudiencewillbesleepy?

    Method

    HowshouldImakethispresentation?"Whatapproachshouldyouuse?Formalorinformal?Lotsofvisualaidsoronlyafew?Willyouincludesomeanecdotesandhumourforvariety?

    Content

    "WhatshouldIsay?"Nowyoumustdecideexactlywhatyouwanttosay.First,youshouldbrainstormyourideas.Youwillnodoubtdiscovermanyideasthatyouwanttoincludeinyourpresentation.Butyoumustbeselective.Youshouldincludeonlyinformationthatisrelevanttoyouraudienceandyourobjective.Youshouldexcludeallotherideas.Youalsoneedtocreateatitleforyourpresentation(ifyouhavenotalreadybeengivenatitle).Thetitlewillhelpyoutofocusonthesubject.Andyouwillprepareyourvisualaids,ifyouhavedecidedtousethem.Butremember,ingeneral,lessisbetterthanmore(alittleisbetterthanalot).Youcanalwaysgiveadditionalinformationduringthequestionsafterthepresentation.

    Structure

    Awellorganisedpresentationwithaclearstructureiseasierfortheaudiencetofollow.Itisthereforemoreeffective.Youshouldorganisethepointsyouwishtomakeinalogicalorder.Mostpresentationsareorganisedinthreeparts,followedbyquestions:

    BeginningShortintroductionwelcomeyouraudience

    introduceyoursubject

    explainthestructureofyourpresentation

    explainrulesforquestions

    MiddleBodyofpresentationpresentthesubjectitself

    EndShortconclusionsummariseyourpresentation

    thankyouraudience

    invitequestions

    QuestionsandAnswers

    Notes

    Whenyougiveyourpresentation,youshouldbe-orappeartobe-asspontaneousaspossible.Youshouldnotreadyourpresentation!Youshouldbesofamiliarwithyoursubjectandwiththeinformationthatyouwanttodeliverthatyoudonotneedtoreadatext.Readingatextisboring!Readingatextwillmakeyouraudiencegotosleep!Soifyoudon''''thaveatexttoread,howcanyouremembertosayeverythingyouneedtosay?Withnotes.Youcancreateyourownsystemofnotes.Somepeoplemakenotesonsmall,A6cards.Somepeoplewritedownjustthetitleofeachsectionoftheirtalk.Somepeoplewritedownkeywordstoremindthem.Thenoteswillgiveyouconfidence,butbecauseyouwillhavepreparedyourpresentationfully,youmaynotevenneedthem!

    Rehearsal

    Rehearsalisavitalpartofpreparation.Youshouldleavetimetopractiseyourpresentationtwoorthreetimes.Thiswillhavethefollowingbenefits:

    youwillbecomemorefamiliarwithwhatyouwanttosay

    youwillidentifyweaknessesinyourpresentation

    youwillbeabletopractisedifficultpronunciations

    youwillbeabletocheckthetimethatyourpresentationtakesandmakeanynecessarymodifications

    Soprepare,prepare,prepare!Prepareeverything:words,visualaids,timing,equipment.Rehearseyourpresentationseveraltimesandtimeit.Isittherightlength?Areyoucompletelyfamiliarwithallyourillustrations?Aretheyintherightorder?Doyouknowwhotheaudienceis?Howmanypeople?Howwillyouanswerdifficultquestions?Doyouknowtheroom?Areyouconfidentabouttheequipment?Whenyouhaveansweredallthesequestions,youwillbeaconfident,enthusiasticpresenterreadytocommunicatethesubjectofyourpresentationtoaneageraudience.

    Equipment

    Easilyyourmostimportantpieceofequipmentis...YOU

    !Makesureyou''''reinfullworkingorder,andcheckyourpersonalpresentationcarefully-ifyoudon''''t,youraudiencewill!theoverheadprojector(OHP)displaysoverheadtransparencies(OHTsorOHPTs).Ithasseveraladvantagesoverthe35mmslideprojector:

    itcanbeusedindaylight

    theusercanfacetheaudience

    theusercanwriteordrawdirectlyonthetransparencywhileinuse

    thewhiteboard(morerarelyblackboardorGREenboard)isausefuldeviceforspontaneouswriting-asinbrainstorming,forexample.Forpreparedmaterial,theOHPmightbemoresuitable.Thedusterisusedforcleaningthewhiteboard.Itisessentialthatthedusterbecleantostartwith.Youmayconsidercarryingyourowndusterjustincase.Markersareusedforwritingonthewhiteboard(delible-youcanremovetheink)orflipchart(indelible-youcannotremovetheink).Theyareusuallyavailableinblue,red,blackandgreen.Again,it''''sagoodideatocarryasparesetofmarkersincaseyouaregivensomeusedoneswhichdonotwritewell."Agoodworkmanneverblameshistools."Theflipchartconsistsofseveralleavesofpaperthatyou''''flip''''orturnover.Somepeopleprefertheflipcharttothewhiteboard,butitsuseislimitedtosmallerpresentations.TheSlideprojector-whichmustbeusedinadarkenedroom-addsacertaindrama.Someslideprojectorscanbesynchronisedwithaudioforaudio-visual(AV)presentations.Theseprojectorsaretypicallyusedforlargerpresentations.Themajoritytake35mmslidesortransparencies(asseenhere),butprojectorsfor6x6cmslidesarealsoavailable.

    Transparenciesareprojectedbyanoverheadprojectororaslideprojectorontoascreen-inthiscaseafoldingscreenwhichcanbepackedupandtransported.Thenotebookcomputerisincreasinglybeingusedtodisplaygraphicsduringpresentations.Itisoftenusedinconjunctionwithanoverheadprojector,whichactuallyprojectstheimagefromthecomputerscreenontothewallscreen.Handoutsareanydocumentsorsamplesthatyou''''handout''''ordistributetoyouraudience.Notethatitisnotusuallyagoodideatodistributehandoutsbeforeyourpresentation.Theaudiencewillreadthehandoutsinsteadoflisteningtoyou.

    Delivery

    ''''Delivery''''referstothewayinwhichyouactuallydeliverorperformorgiveyourpresentation.Deliveryisavitalaspectofallpresentations.Deliveryisatleastasimportantascontent,especiallyinamulti-culturalcontext.

    Nerves

    Mostspeakersarealittlenervousatthebeginningofapresentation.Soitisnormalifyouarenervous.Theansweristopayspecialattentiontothebeginningofyourpresentation.Firstimpressionscount.Thisisthetimewhenyouestablisharapportwithyouraudience.Duringthistime,trytospeakslowlyandcalmly.Youshouldperhapslearnyourintroductionbyheart.Afterafewmoments,youwillrelaxandgainconfidence.

    AudienceRapport

    Youneedtobuildawarmandfriendlyrelationshipwithyouraudience.Enthusiasmiscontagious.Ifyouareenthusiasticyouraudiencewillbeenthusiastictoo.Andbecarefultoestablisheyecontactwitheachmemberofyouraudience.Eachpersonshouldfeelthatyouarespeakingdirectlytohimorher.Thismeansthatyoumustlookateachpersoninturn-inasnaturalawayaspossible.Thiswillalsogiveyoutheopportunitytodetectsignsofboredom,disinterestorevendisaGREement,allowingyoutomodifyyourpresentationasappropriate.

    Yourobjectiveistocommunicate!

    BodyLanguage

    Whatyoudonotsayisatleastasimportantaswhatyoudosay.Yourbodyisspeakingtoyouraudienceevenbeforeyouopenyourmouth.Yourclothes,yourwalk,yourglasses,yourhaircut,yourexpression-itisfromthesethatyouraudienceformsitsfirstimpressionasyouentertheroom.Generallyspeaking,itisbettertostandratherthansitwhenmakingapresentation.Beawareofandavoidanyrepetitiveandirritatinggestures.Beaware,too,thatthemovementofyourbodyisoneofyourmethodsofcontrol.Whenyoumovetoorfromthewhiteboard,forexample,youcanmovefastorslowly,raisingorreducingthedynamismwithintheaudience.Youcanstandverystillwhiletalkingoryoucanstrollfromsidetoside.Whateffectdoyouthinkthesetwodifferentapproacheswouldhaveonanaudience?

    Page2of2)

    CulturalConsiderations

    BecauseEnglishissowidelyusedaroundtheworld,itisquitepossiblethatmanymembersofyouraudiencewillnotbenativeEnglish-speakers.Inotherwords,theywillnothaveanAnglo-Saxonculture.EvenwithintheAnglo-Saxonworld,therearemanydifferencesinculture.IfwehypotheticallyimagineaGermanworkingforanIsraelicompanymakingapresentationinEnglishtoaJapaneseaudienceinKorea,wecanseethatthereareevenmorepossibilitiesforculturalmisunderstanding.Youshouldtrytolearnaboutanyparticularculturalmattersthatmayaffectyouraudience.Thisisonereasonwhypreparationforyourpresentationissoimportant.Culturaldifferencescanalsobeseeninbodylanguage,whichwehavejustdiscussed.ToaLatinfromSouthernFranceorItaly,apresenterwhouseshishandsandarmswhenspeakingmayseemdynamicandfriendly.ToanEnglishman,thesamepresentermayseemunsureofhiswordsandlackinginself-confidence.

    Voicequality

    Itis,ofcourse,importantthatyouraudiencebeabletohearyouclearlythroughoutyourpresentation.Rememberthatifyouturnawayfromyouraudience,forexampletowardsthewhiteboard,youneedtospeakalittlemoreloudly.Ingeneral,youshouldtrytovaryyourvoice.Yourvoicewillthenbemoreinterestingforyouraudience.Youcanvaryyourvoiceinatleastthreeways:

    speed:youcanspeakatnormalspeed,youcanspeakfaster,youcanspeakmoreslowly-andyoucanstopcompletely!Youcanpause.Thisisaverygoodtechniqueforgainingyouraudience''''sattention.intonation:youcanchangethepitchofyourvoice.Youcanspeakinahightone.Youcanspeakinalowtone.volume:youcanspeakatnormalvolume,youcanspeakloudlyandyoucanspeakquietly.Loweringyourvoiceandspeakingquietlycanagainattractyouraudience''''sinterest.

    theimportantpointisnottospeakinthesame,flat,monotonousvoicethroughoutyourpresentation-thisisthevoicethathypnotistsusetoputtheirpatients''''intotrance!

    Visualaids

    Ofalltheinformationthatentersourbrains,thevastmajorityofitentersthroughtheeyes.80%ofwhatyouraudiencelearnduringyourpresentationislearnedvisually(whattheysee)andonly20%islearnedaurally(whattheyhear).Thesignificanceofthisisobvious:

    visualaidsareanextremelyeffectivemeansofcommunicationnon-nativeEnglishspeakersneednotworrysomuchaboutspokenEnglish-theycanrelymoreheavilyonvisualaidsItiswellworthspendingtimeinthecreationofgoodvisualaids.Butitisequallyimportantnottooverloadyouraudience''''sbrains.Keeptheinformationoneachvisualaidtoaminimum-andgiveyouraudiencetimetolookatandabsorbthisinformation.

    Remember,youraudiencehaveneverseenthesevisualaidsbefore.Theyneedtimetostudyandtounderstandthem.Withoutunderstandingthereisnocommunication.

    AudienceReaction

    Remaincalmandpoliteifyoureceivedifficultorevenhostilequestionsduringyourpresentation.Ifyoureceiveparticularlyawkwardquestions,youmightsuggestthatthequestionersasktheirquestionsafteryourpresentation.

    Language

    Saywhatyouaregoingtosay,

    SimplicityandClarity

    Ifyouwantyouraudiencetounderstandyourmessage,yourlanguagemustbesimpleandclear.

    Useshortwordsandshortsentences.

    Donotusejargon,unlessyouarecertainthatyouraudienceunderstandsit.

    Ingeneral,talkaboutconcretefactsratherthanabstractideas.

    Useactiveverbsinsteadofpassiveverbs.Activeverbsaremucheasiertounderstand.theyaremuchmorepowerful.Considerthesetwosentences,whichsaythesamething:

    Toyotasoldtwomillioncarslastyear.

    TwomillioncarsweresoldbyToyotalastyear.

    Whichiseasiertounderstand?Whichismoreimmediate?Whichismorepowerful?N°1isactiveandN°2ispassive.

    Signposting

    Whenyoudriveontheroads,youknowwhereyouareonthoseroads.Eachroadhasanameornumber.Eachtownhasaname.Andeachhousehasanumber.IfyouareathouseN°100,youcangobacktoN°50orforwardtoN°150.Youcanlookatthesignpostsfordirections.Andyoucanlookatyouratlasforthestructureoftheroadsindetail.Inotherwords,itiseasytonavigatetheroads.Youcannotgetlost.Butwhenyougiveapresentation,howcanyouraudienceknowwheretheyare?Howcantheyknowthestructureofyourpresentation?Howcantheyknowwhatiscomingnext?Theyknowbecauseyoutellthem.Becauseyouputupsignpostsforthem,atthebeginningandallalongtheroute.Thistechniqueiscalled''''signposting''''(or''''signalling'''').

    Duringyourintroduction,youshouldtellyouraudiencewhatthestructureofyourpresentationwillbe.Youmightsaysomethinglikethis:

    "I''''llstartbydescribingthecurrentpositioninEurope.ThenI''''llmoveontosomeoftheachievementswe''''vemadeinAsia.AfterthatI''''llconsidertheopportunitiesweseeforfurtherexpansioninAfrica.Lastly,I''''llquicklyrecapbeforeconcludingwithsomerecommendations."

    Amemberoftheaudiencecannowvisualizeyourpresentationlikethis:

    Introduction

    Welcome

    Explanationofstructure(now)

    Body

    Europe

    Asia

    Africa

    Conclusion

    Summingup

    Recommendations

    Hewillkeepthisimageinhisheadduringthepresentation.Hemayevenwriteitdown.Andthroughoutyourpresentation,youwillputupsignpoststellinghimwhichpointyouhavereachedandwhereyouaregoingnow.WhenyoufinishEuropeandwanttostartAsia,youmightsay:

    "That''''sallIhavetosayaboutEurope.Let''''sturnnowtoAsia."

    WhenyouhavefinishedAfricaandwanttosumup,youmightsay:

    "Well,we''''velookedatthethreecontinentsEurope,AsiaandAfrica.I''''dliketosumupnow."

    Andwhenyoufinishsummingupandwanttogiveyourrecommendations,youmightsay:

    "Whatdoesallthismeanforus?Well,firstlyIrecommend..."

    thetablebelowlistsusefulexpressionsthatyoucanusetosignpostthevariouspartsofyourpresentation.

    Signposting

    FunctionLanguageIntroducingthesubject

    I''''dliketostartby...

    Let''''sbeginby...

    Firstofall,I''''ll...

    Startingwith...

    I''''llbeginby...

    Finishingonesubject...

    Well,I''''vetoldyouabout...

    That''''sallIhavetosayabout...

    We''''velookedat...

    Somuchfor...

    ...andstartinganother

    Nowwe''''llmoveonto...

    Letmeturnnowto...

    Next...

    Turningto...

    I''''dlikenowtodiscuss...

    Let''''slooknowat...

    Analysingapointandgivingrecommendations

    Wheredoesthatleadus?

    Let''''sconsiderthisinmoredetail...

    WhatdoesthismeanforABC?

    Translatedintorealterms...

    Givinganexample

    Forexample,...

    Agoodexampleofthisis...

    Asanillustration,...

    Togiveyouanexample,...

    Toillustratethispoint...

    Dealingwithquestions

    We''''llbeexaminingthispointinmoredetaillateron...

    I''''dliketodealwiththisquestionlater,ifImay...

    I''''llcomebacktothisquestionlaterinmytalk...

    Perhapsyou''''dliketoraisethispointattheend...

    Iwon''''tcommentonthisnow...

    Summarisingandconcluding

    Inconclusion,...

    Right,let''''ssumup,shallwe?

    I''''dlikenowtorecap...

    Let''''ssummarisebrieflywhatwe''''velookedat...

    Finally,letmeremindyouofsomeoftheissueswe''''vecovered...

    IfIcanjustsumupthemainpoints...

    Ordering

    Firstly...secondly...thirdly...lastly...

    Firstofall...then...next...afterthat...finally...

    Tostartwith...later...tofinishup...

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