閱讀理解解題教育

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《孫子兵法》曰：“知己知彼”才能“百戰(zhàn)不殆”，對待高考，我們應(yīng)該首先明白NMET的考試要求，做到“知彼”，然后分析自己的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)、弱項(xiàng)，做到“知己”。閱讀理解是NMET的重頭戲，能否順利通過此關(guān)影響高考全局，因此考生必須對閱讀理解的題型特點(diǎn)、解題技巧等有個(gè)清楚的認(rèn)識。

一、推斷題

1.解推斷題應(yīng)注意：

(1)不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)；

(2)推理的根據(jù)來自于上下文。

2.推斷題的常見形式：

(1)Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat______.

(2)Fromthetextweknowthat______.

(3)Thestoryimpliesthat______.

(4)Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe______.

(5)Thewritersattitudetoward…is______.

3.解推斷題的方法：

解推斷題最主要的方法是根據(jù)詞義關(guān)系推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)。

Example1：Onedayamanwalkedsintosapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant，“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroachesandtwospiders.”

“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor?”theshopassistantwasverysurprised.

“Well，”repliedtheman，“I’mmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”

Q：Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedsintosthehouse，itwas______.

A.veryclean

B.justcleanedbythelandlord

C.tidyandcomfortable

D.dirtyandfullofinsects

解析：要恢復(fù)原樣須買些老鼠和蟑螂等昆蟲，因此推出答案為D。

Example2：Somepeopleareneverright.Theyneverhavegoodluck.Theyusuallydothewrongthingandsaythewrongthing.AndevenifwhattheysayordoisOK，theyasarulesayitordoitatthewrongtime.Sothesepeoplealwayshaveproblems.Theyoftenbreakdishes.Theysometimesmissbusesandairplanes.

MrNeffisdifferent.Heisalwaysright.Heisneverwrong.Heusuallyhasgoodluck.Heseldomhasproblems.Heneverbreaksdishes.Henevermissesbusesorairplanes.Evenifhedoesmissthem，itisalwaysthefaultofthebusesorairplanes.MrNeffknowsal-mosteverything.Hedoesn’taskquestions；heanswersquestions.Heneversays，“Idon’tknow.”

Q：Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewriter’sattitudetowardsMrNeff?A.HefindsMrNeffhardtounderstand

B.HethinksMrNeffwonderful

C.HefeelspityforMrNeff

D.HedoesnotlikeMrNeff

解析：本文中使用never，還寫到Evenifhedoesmissthem，itisalwaysthefaultofthebusesortheairplanes.故暗示他對MrNeff的討厭之情。答案為D。

二、事實(shí)題

在閱讀理解題中，又有相當(dāng)一部分屬于事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)題，下面僅就這類題的正確解法作簡要說明。

1.直接事實(shí)題

在解答這類問題時(shí)要求學(xué)生抓住題干文字信息，采用針對性方法進(jìn)行閱讀，因?yàn)檫@類題的答案在文章中可以直接找到。

AgiantdamwasbuiltmanyyearsagotocontroltheColoradoRiverintheU.S.Thisdamwasbuilttoprotectthelandandhousesaroundtheriver.

ThishugedamisintheBlackCanyon.Itispossibletodriveacarfromonesideoftherivertotheotheronaroad，whichisonthetopofthedam.Thisdamissobigthatthereisanelevatorinside.Theelevatorgoesdownforty-fourstoriesfromtheroadtothebottom.ThereisenoughconcreteinthisdamtobuildahighwayfromNewYorktoSanFrancisco.Thousandsofpeopleworkedonthisdamforfiveyears.ThishugedamwascalledBoulderDamwhenitwasfinishedin1936.LateritwasrenamedHooverDaminhonorofapresidentoftheUnitedStates.HooverDam，oneofthehighestdamsintheworld，issituatedbetweenthestatesofArizonaandNevada.

Q：HooverDamlies______.

A.betweenArizonaandNevada

B.intheBlackCanyon

C.betweenNewYorkandSanFrancisco

D.bothAandB

解析：由第二段的第一句話和最后一段的最后一句話可得出正確答案。

2.間接事實(shí)題

解此類題需要結(jié)合上下文提供的語境和信息進(jìn)行簡單的概括和判斷。

InvitedbyMr.YeHuixian，hostofthewellreceivedTVprogramme“StarsTonight”，MissLuoLin，MissAsiaof1991，appearedastheguesthostessontheShanghaiTVscreenlastSunday.

BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold，LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition，shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.However，itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage，dancing，singing，making-upandotherpropermanners，designedbytheAsiaTVStation.

“It’sreallyahardjobforme.Iwon’tenterforsuchcompetitionanymore.Anyhow，Iamquitelucky.IamalsogladtohavehadmorechancetoworkforthesocialwelfaresinceIwonthetitle.Thistime，inShanghai，I''''dlovetomakeadeepimpressiononmyTVaudience，"saidLuoLinwithasweetsmile.

Q：WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.

B.LuoLinmovedtoHongkongwithherparents.

C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.

D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.

解析：A、C和D都可在原文找到答案，而B項(xiàng)原文列的是：takentoHongKong可判斷不是movedtoHongKongwithherparents，因此選B。

3.詞義理解題

做此類題時(shí)，學(xué)生應(yīng)盡可能地利用生詞所在的上下文來猜測詞義，即利用我們所熟悉的詞或短語和上下文中的已知部分進(jìn)行邏輯上的推理，有時(shí)還需依靠常識和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

Anothersourceofknowledgeisthevaststoreoftraditionalpracticeshandeddownfromfathertoson，ormothertodaughter，ofoldcountrycustoms，offolklore.Allthisisverydifficultforacollegestudenttoexamine，formuchknowledgeandpersonalexperienceisneededheretoseparategoodplantsfromwildgrass.Thecollegestudentshouldlearntorealizeandrememberhowmuchofrealvaluesciencehasfoundinthiswide，confusedwildernessandhowoftenscientificdiscoveriesofwhathadexistedinthisarealongage.

Q：Inthelastparagraphthephrase“thiswide，confusedwilderness”refersto______.

A.personalexperience

B.wildweedsamonggoodplants

C.theinformationfromtheparents

D.thevaststoreoftraditionalpractices

解析：D。劃線部分指的就是上文的anothersourceofknowledge，即：thevaststoreoftraditionalpractices。