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    英語教學Literal Translation And Free Translataion

    前言:本站為你精心整理了英語教學Literal Translation And Free Translataion范文,希望能為你的創作提供參考價值,我們的客服老師可以幫助你提供個性化的參考范文,歡迎咨詢。

    Howtouseliteraltranslationandfreetranslationproper?

    [INTRODUCTION]

    Peopleoftendiscussliteraltranslationandfreetranslation.Welaystressonhowtohandletwodifferentkindsoflanguage.Andwhichwayoftranslationisbettertousetotranslationasentence.Especially,targetlanguagemustexpresswhatsourcelanguagemeams,distortionisnotallowed.Literaltranslationandfreetranslationaretwomainformsoftranslation.Theyarenotrepulsive,contrarily,theyarecomplementary.Translationliterally,ifpossible,orappealtofreetranslation.Literaltranslationretainsoriginalskill.Soitisgetonfororiginal.Whenliteraltranslation,encountersomeobstades,peopleoftenusefreetranslation.

    Freetranslationexpressesgeneralideaoftheoriginal,andcanbeacceptedbyreaders.Agoodtranslationcompositioncontainsliteraltranslationandfreetranslation.

    [CONTENT]

    1.Whatistheconceptionofliteraltranslationandfreetranslation?

    2.Howtouseliteraltranslationproperly?

    2.1Translateliterally,ifpossible.

    2.2Literaltranslation≠word-for-wordtranslation.

    2.3Somesentencesshouldnottranslateliterally.

    3.Howtousefreetranslationproperly?

    3.1Ifithassometroubletounderstandasentenceinusingliteraltranslation,usefreetranslation.

    3.2Donnotaddpersonalenmotiontotheoriginalworks.

    3.3Freetranslationskillneedsextensiveknowledgeandcultureofbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.

    [CONCLUTION]

    Ifuseliteraltranslationandfreetranslationproper,youwillsuccessintranslatingacomposition.

    [KEYWORDS]

    Literaltranslation/Freetranslation/Sourcelanguage/Targer

    language/Word-for-word/Original

    1.Whatistheconceptionofliteraltranslationandfreetranslation?

    Literaltranslationandfreetranslationaretwobasicskillsoftranslation.Literaltranslationreferstotranslateasentenceoriginally,keeptheoriginalmessageform,includingconstructionofsentence,meaningoftheoriginalwords,metaphoroftheoriginalandsoon.Translationwouldbefluentandeasytocomprehendbytargetlanguagereaders.

    Freetranslationrefersto,accordingtothemeaningoftheoriginal,withoutpayingattentiontothedetailsandtranslationwouldalsobefluentandnatural.Freetranslationneednotpayattentiontotheformoftheoriginal,includingconstructionoftheoriginalsentences,meaningoftheoriginalworks,matapheroftheoriginalandsoon.Butfreetranslationdoesnotmeantodeleteoraddcontenttotheoriginalandtranslatorsmustconsidertheoriginalcarefully,knowitsstress,translateitnatually,expressthemeaningoftheoriginal.Freetranslationisaskillwhichtranslatorsmustknowthecultureofbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage,andmusthaveextensiveknowledge.

    Whentranslating,shouldnotuseliteraltranslationcompletelyorusefreetranslationcompletely.Accordingtothepassagewhichyouaretranslating,youshoulduseliteraltranslationfrequentlyandusefreetranslationwhenneccessary.

    Butwhatkindoftranslationisliteraltranslation?Andwhatkindoftranslationisfreetranslation?

    Forexample:①

    1)Don''''tlockthestabledoorafterthehourseshasbeenstolen.

    Literaltranslation:不要等馬被盜后,才去鎖楖門.

    Freetranslation:不要賊走關門.

    2)Smashingamirrorisnowaytomakeanuglypersonbeautiful,noritisawaytomakesocialproblemevaporate.

    Literaltranslation:砸鏡子不能使丑八怪變漂亮,也不能使社會問題煙消云散.

    Freetranslation:砸鏡子并不能解決實際問題.

    Formtheexample1),freetranslationisbetterthanliteraltranslation.Fromtheexample2),literaltranslationisbetterthanfreetranslation.Buthowtouseliteraltranslationandfreetranslation?Thereisasentence:"Translateliterally,ifpossible,orappealtofreetranslation."

    2.Howtouseliteraltranslationproperly?

    2.1Translateliterally,ifpossible.

    Whytranslate,ifpossible?Whatistheadvantageofliteraltranslation?

    Generally,rhetoricisoftenusedinapassagetomakethepassagelively.Literaltranslationretainstherhetoricoftheoriginal,soitislivelyastheoriginal.Butfreetranslationonlyexpressesthegeneralideaoforiginal,livelyrhetoricoftheoriginaldisappeared.Sogenerallyspeaking,literaltranslationisagoodchoiceintranslation.

    Forexample:②

    3)FormafatherknowandIknowthatifyouonlydigenoughapasturecanbemadefree.

    Literaltranslation:因為我父親知道,我也知道,只要挖到一定程度,早晚可以在這里辟出個牧場的.

    Freetranslation:因為我父親知道,我也知道,功到自然成.

    4)ForKinoandJuanathiswasthemeaningofmorningoftheirlives,comparableonlytothedaywhenthebabyhadbeenborn.

    Literaltranslation:在Kino和Juana看來,這是他們一生中最了不起的早晨,只有寶寶出生的那一天,才可以與之媲美.

    Freetranslation:Kino和Juana以為,這一天非常重要.

    Freetranslationofexamples3)and4),onlyexpressthegeneralideaoftheoriginalsentences.Itistoosimple.Metaphoranddiscribtionoftheoriginalsentenceshavadissappeared.Afterfreetranslation,itwasinferioranddull.Soitisundesirable.Buttheliteraltranslationofexample3)and4)isclearerthanthefreetranslation.Actually,literaltranslationisthechiefwayoftranslation.Itisclosetotheoriginal,livelyandnatural.Itisacceptable.Acceptablenessisveryimportantintranslation.Fromtheoryoftranslationangle,translationisatheroywhichusestargetlanguagetoexpresstheidea,contentandstyleofsourcelanguage.Itshouldaccordwiththecultureandcustomsofthetargetlanguage.Translationnotonlydoesexpresstheideaandstyleoftheoriginalmessage,butalsoneedtoaccordwiththecultureandcustomsofthetargetlanguage,sothatthetranslationcaneasybeacceptedbytargetlanguagereaders.Becausethedifferencesoftwolanguages,sometimesitisdifficulttoretaintheideaandstyleofthesourcelanguage.Theadvantageofliteraltranslationisthatalmostlyretaintheideaandstyleoftheoriginal.Somostoftranslatorsliketouseliteraltranslation.

    Fromallabove,thatisthereasonof"translateliterally,ifpossible."

    2.2Literaltranslation≠word-for-wordtranslation.

    Atfirst,whichkindoftranslationisword-for-wordtranslation?Word-for-wordtranslationisthat:Whentranslating,considereverywords.Everywordsofsourcelanguageistranslatedcooridnatly.

    Forexample:③

    5)Itwasanoldandraggedmoon.

    Word-for-wordtranslation:那是一個又老又破的月亮.

    6)Manyofhisideasareespeciallyinterestingtomodernyouth.

    Word-for-wordtranslation:他的許多思想對當代青年特別有趣.

    Fromtheexample5)and6),weknowword-for-wordtranslationdoesnotdoanychangestosourcelanguage.Theformisclosetotheoriginal,butitdoesnotexpressthemeaningofthesourcelanguage.Strictlyspeaking,itisnottranslation.Nevertheless,sometranslationwhichdidsomechangetosourcelanguageandthestructureoftargetlanguageisalsothesameassourcelanguage,thetranslationissmooth,butthemeaningandthestylearefarfromtheoriginal,usually,targetlanguagereadersdidnotknowwhatitsaid.Thisisalsoword-for-wordtranslation.

    Forexample:④

    7)Everyatomofyourfleshisasdeartomeasmyown:inpainandsicknessitwouldstillbedear.

    Word-for-wordtranslation:你的肉中的每一個原子,對我來說,都像我自己一樣親;即使在病痛中,仍然是親的.

    8)Beingateacherisbeingpresentatthecreation,whentheclaybegintobreathe.

    Word-for-wordtranslation:當一名教師意味著是創造的見證人,他目睹人體開始呼吸,開始了生命.

    Translationof7)and8)aresmooth.ButtheydonotaccordwiththeexpressivewayofChinese.Itisword-for-wordtranslation.

    Fromallabove,word-for-wordtranslationissostarchy,goesaftertheformofsourcelanguagethatitneverthinkoftheeffectoftargetlanguage.Becauseword-for-wordtranslationdoesnotaccordwiththeexpressivewayoftargetlanguage,itisobscure,hardtounderstanditevenmakestargetlanguagereadersdidnotknowwhatdoestranslatorwanttoexpress.Word-for-wordtranslationmakestargetlanguagereadersconfused.Itisunqualifiedtranslation.

    Literaltranslationalsokeepsthegeneralformofsourcelanguage,andkeepsthestructureandthemetaphoroftheoriginal.Butliteraltranslationdoesmakesomeneccessaryadjustment,maketargetlanguagesmooth,cleanandacceptable.Afterreading,targetlanguagereaderscanhavealmostthesamefeelingasthesourcelanguagereaders.Butword-for-wordtranslationonlytranslatewordbyword,itisstiffandunitelligible.Qualityofliteraltranslationisgood.Word-for-wordtranslationisinferior.Literaltranslationandword-for-wordtranslationcangivedifferentfeelingtotargetlanguagereaders.Alltranslationwhichishardtoaccept,whichhavebadeffect,whichmessageisindistinct,whichmeaningisfarfromtheoriginalisword-for-wordtranslation.Thiskindoftranslationisabortive.

    Sometranslationthoughthatalltranslationkeepstheformoftheoriginalisliteraltranslation.Thatiserroneous.Theyconfusetheconceptionofliteraltranslationwithword-for-wordtranslation.Thesetranslatorstranslatelikethis:first,theylookupthemeaningofeverywordofsourcelanguageindictionary.Then,theycombinethemeaningofeveryword,neverdoanychange.Theydonotknowwhattranslationis,soword-for-wordtranslationemerge.Butexcellenttranslatorsknowthemeaningoftheoriginal.Whentranslating,theydosomeneccessaryadjustment,maketargetlanguageclearer,smoothandacceptable.Theyknowthedifferencebetweenword-for-wordtranslationandliteraltranslation.Theycanuseliteraltranslationproperly,itisaskilloftranslation.

    Allinall.literaltranslationisnotword-for-wordtranslation.Literaltranslationisacceptableandnimble.

    2.3Somesentencesshouldnottranslateliterally.

    Somesourcelanguagesentencesareverydifficulttotranslateliterally.Itonlythoughofthemeaningofsurface,translateitliterally,theresultisunintelligibleandindistinct.Somesentencesdonotaccordwithexpressivewayintargetlanguage.Differentcountryhasdifferentculture,differentlanguage,differentcustomanddifferentwaytoexpressthesamemeaning,differentlanguagehasdifferentwayaboutmetaphors,andhasdifferentidioms.InChina,peopleusuallyusesomeidiomstodescribeaneventoraperson.Sodoinabroad.ButChineseidiomsareunintelligibleinwesterncountries.Inthesesuituations,iftranslateliterally,usually,itwouldhavebadeffectandbeunacceptable.Whentargetlanguagereadersread,theycouldnotknowtheexactmeaningofsourcelanguage.Becausethemessagewhichtargetlanguageexpresswasvague.

    Therearetwoexamples:⑤

    9)Oursonmustgotoschool.Hemustbreakoutofthepotthatholdusin.

    Literaltranslation:我們的兒子一定得進學校,他一定得打破這個把我們關在里面的罐子.

    Freetranslation:我們的兒子一定要上學,一定要出人頭地.

    10)Theirlegsmoredalittlejerkily,likewell-madewoodendolls,andtheycarriedpillarsofblankfearaboutthem.

    Literaltranslation:他的腿輕輕痙攣地移動著,像做得很好的木偶一樣,他們隨身攜帶著黑色的恐怖柱子.

    Freetranslation:他們每向前邁一步,腿就抖動一下,好似精制的木偶一樣,他們身上帶著一股陰沉的殺氣.

    Fromthetwoexamples,literaltranslationisunintelligibleevenabsurd.Butafterhadtranslateditfreely,translationbecamecleaner,smooth,acceptableandaccordwiththecultureoftargetlanguage.

    Butinwhichsuituationtranslatorsshouldnottranslateliterally?Howtouseliteraltranslationcorrectly?

    Anysourcelanguagewhichdoesnotaccordwiththeexpressivewayoftargetlanguageshouldnotuseliteraltranslation.Forexample:Inexample9),"Breakoutthepotthatholeusin",itisanEnglishidiom,itmeansdosomethingsuccessful.ButhowtotranslateitintoChines?ThereisalsoanidiominChina.Italmosthasthesamemeaningas"Breakoutofthepotthatholdusin".Itis"出人頭地".Sowhentranslatingthatsentencetranslatorsshouldnotuseliteraltranslation,translatorsshouldusefreetranslation.

    Andhowtouseliteraltranslationcorrectly?First,knowsourcelanguageandtargetlanguagecultureasmuchaspossibleandtranslatorsshouldhaveextensiveknowledgewiththeproblemswhichtheoriginalwroteortalkabout,translatorsshouldbeconversant.Weoftenhaveexperiencelikethat:Becauselakeofsomeknowledgethatsomebodytalkingabout,evenafterothersexplained,westilldidnotknoworunderstand.Sobeforetranslatorstranslatingsomematerials,especiallysomeproffessionalmaterialstranslatorsmustgraspsomeknowledgeaboutthematerials.Forexample,iftranslatesomematerialsabouteconomy,translatorsshouldknowsomeknowledgeabouteconomy;iftranslatesomematerialaboutnews,translatorsshouldknowsomeknowledgeaboutnews;iftranslatesomeprofessionalmaterials,translatorsshouldknowsomeknowledgeaboutthatproffession,orbeanexportofthatproffession.Iftranslatorwasamanwhodidnotknowsomethingaboutthematerialwhichhewantedtotranslate,histranslationwouldbeunqualified.Second,comprehendsourcelanguagemessagecorrectlyandthoroughly.Itisveryimportant.Translatorsshouldnotonlyknowthesurfacemeaningoftheoriginalandtranslatorsshouldreadthroughthesurface,knowwhatdoestheoriginalwanttoexpress.Ifatranslatordoesonlyknowsurfacemeaningoftheoriginalandtranslateitliterally,histranslationwouldbecorrespondingly.Aftertargetlanguagereaderreadhistranslation,theywouldbeconfuseandhavedifferentfeelingbetweentheoriginalandthetranslationorevenhaveerroneouscomprehension.

    Translationisdifferentfromreading.Whenwereading,itnomatterhowmuchweunderstandorcanbeunderstandorhaveerroneouscomprehension.Becauselevelofthereadersislimited.Readingisonlyafeelingofhimself.Buttranslationaffectsothers.Insteadoftheoriginalauthor,translationisamanretellsourcelanguagemassagetotargetlanguage.Sotranslatorsshouldcomprehenedthesourcelanguagemessagedeeplyandthoroughly,thenretellthemeaningofthesourcelanguagecorrectlyandclosetothesourcelanguagemessage.Ifatranslatorcomprehenedthesourcelanguagejustalittlenmbiguiously,translationwouldbedifferentfromthesourcelanguagemessage.Therefore,comprehensionisveryimportant.Iftranslatorshadfalsecomprehensiontothesourcelanguagemessage,histranslationcouldbefarfromtheoriginal.Thiswillleadhistranslationtobeunqualified.

    Atlast,enhanceacceptabilityoftranslation.Fromaboveweknowthattranslationshouldaccordwiththeexpressivewayoftargetlanguage,sothatitcanbeeasilyacceptedbytargetlanguagereaders.Actually,itisnotdifficulttoretainthestyleoftheoriginal.Butitisdifficulttotranslatetheoriginalaccordwithtargetlanguageexpressiveway.Atranslatorwhohasabandantexperiencecansurmountobstaclebetweentwolanguage.Anexcellenttranslatormusthavedonehisbesteffortonhistranslation.Thisistranslators''''duty.Anexcellenttranslatorhaspractisedalotonhowtohandletheproblemsintranslation.Excellenttranslationareacceptable.

    Fromallabove,literaltranslationisabasicskilloftranslation.Itkeepstheformofsourcelanguage,includingconstructionofsentences,mataphor.Sometimesitshoulddosomeneccessarychangetotheoriginal,makethetranslationaccordwiththeexpressivewayoftargetlanguage.Somakethetranslationacceptable.Atranslationwhichtranslatedliterallyisclosetotheoriginal.Butliteraltranslationisnotomnipotent.Somesentencesshouldnottranslateliterally,prehenedsourcelanguagemessagecorrectlyandthoroughly,enhanceacceptabilityoftranslation.Iftranslatorswanttouseliteraltranslationproperlyandskillfully,theymustcomprehenedallabove,andhavesomepractice.Afterall,practiseisthemostimportantaspectintranslation.

    3.Howtousefreetranslationproperly?

    3.1Ifitwassometroubletounderstandasentenceinusingliteraltranslation,usefreetranslation.

    Inwhichsuituationthetranslatorscannotuseliteraltranslation?Whensomesentencesthatthewayofexpressivebetweensourcelanguageandtargetlanguagearedifferent,shouldnotuseliteraltranslation.Ifuseliteraltranslation,targetlanguagereaderswouldhavesometroubletounderstand,thenmakethetranslationunacceptable.Inthesesuituation,freetranslationshouldinuse.Freetranslationexpressesthegeneralideaoftheoriginalaccordingtothemeaningoftheoriginal,anddoesnotpayattentiontothedetails.Buttranslationshouldbefluentandnatural.

    Therearetwoexamples:⑥

    11)IgavemyyouthtotheseaandIcamehomeandgaveher(mywife)myoldage.

    Literaltranslation:我把青春獻給海洋,我回家的時候便把老年給了我的妻子.

    Freetranslation:我把青春獻給海洋,等我回到家里見到妻子的時候,已經是白發蒼蒼了.

    12)MaybeKinohascutoffhisownheadanddestroyedhimself.

    Literaltranslation:也許Kino會割掉自己的腦袋,把自己毀了.

    Freetranslation:也許Kino走了絕路,自己毀了自己.

    Fromtheexample12),theoriginal"cutoffhishead"meanshavedonesomethingbadly,feltintopredicament.Ifatranslatortranslatedtheoriginalliterally,histranslatingwouldmaketargetlanguagereadersconfused,afterreading,targetlanguagereaderswouldfeelunacceptable.Sotranslatorsshouldusefreetranslationintheexample11)and12).Becausefreetranslationcantelltheturemeaningtotargetlanguagereaders.

    Somesentences,iftranslateliterallyarealsofluentandnaturalthatitseemsthesesentencesshouldtranslateliterally.Buttranslatedthesesentencesliterallycouldnotexpressthedeepmeaningoftheoriginal.Ifweusefreetranslation,effectwouldbebetterthanliteraltranslation.Freetranslationcouldexpressthedeepmeaningoftheoriginalsentences.

    Forexample:⑦

    13)Castpearlsbeforeswine.

    Literaltranslation:把珍珠扔到豬面前.

    Freetranslation:對牛彈琴.

    14)Barbarawasbornwithasilverspooninhermouth.

    Literaltranslation:Barbara嘴里叼著銀調羹出生的.

    Freetranslation:Barbara出生最富貴人家.

    Example13)and14)aremetaphor,havedeepmoral.Iftranslatedliterally,translationsarefluentandnatural,butitcouldnotexpressthedeepmeaningoftheoroginal,itisunadvisable.

    Thereisanothersuituationwhichshouldusefreetranslation:asentensethatuseidioms.

    Forexample:⑧

    15)Somethingunexpectedmayhappenangtime.

    Freetranslation:天有不測風云.

    Literaltranslation:一些沒有預料到的事會隨時發生.

    InEnglish,thissentenceisverycommon.ButiftranslateditliterallyintoChinese,itdidnotaccordwiththehabitofexpressive.Onthecontrarary,itwouldbeunitelligibleandwouldnotachivetheeffectoftheoriginal.Itwouldmaketargetlanguagereadersinappreciatable.Butintheexample15),freetranslationusedaChineseidioms,afterreadingtargetlanguagereaderswouldcomprehenedandhavenicefeeling.Sofreetranslationisagoodchoicewhenliteraltranslationcouldnotbeused.

    3.2Donnotaddpersonalemotiontotheoriginalworks.

    Translationisabrigebetweensourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.Taskoftranslationistoexpressthemeaningandmanifestationofthesourcelanguagemessagebytargetlanguage.Thetranslationshouldgivetargetlanguagereadersalmostthesamefeelingassourcelanguagereaders.Iftargetlanguagereadersandsourcelanguagereadershadalmostthesamefeelingafterreadingthetranslation,itwassuccessful.Iftargetlanguagereadersandsourcelanguagereadershaddifferentfeelingafterreadingthetranslation,itshowedthetranslationwasunqualified.Fromtheangleoftranslation,actually,thefeelingofreaderscanjudgeatranslation.Sothefeelingofreadersisthestandardoftranslation

    Toughfreetranslationgivessomeleewaystotranslators.Translatorsshouldcomprehenedtheoriginalthoroughly,andusetheleewayscorrectly.Sometranslatorsusuallyusetheleewaysincorrectly.Theyoftenaddtheirpersonalemotiontotheoriginalworks.Sotranslationwassubjunctiveanddifferentastheoriginal.Itwasunqualifiedtranslation.Becauseiftranslatorsaddedtheirpersonalemotiontotheoriginalworksthatthemeaningoftheoriginalmessagehadbeenchangedbytranslators.Afterreading,targetlanguagereadersmighthavedifferentfeelingbetweentranslationandtheoriginal.Thosetranslationswhichaddedtranslator''''sownemotionwerenotaccordingwiththestandardoftranslation.Translationshouldavoidtoaddpersonalemotiontotheoriginalworks.

    3.3Freetranslationskillneedsextensiveknowledgeandcultureofbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.

    Freetranslationgivestranslatorssomeleeways.Translatorsshouldusethencorrectly.Notonlyshouldtranslatorscomprehenedthemeaningoftheoriginalmessage,butalsotheyshouldbeprovidedwithextensiveknowledgeandcultureofbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.Especially,onliteratureworks,translatorsshouldbeprovidedwithliteraturetraining,andtheyalsoshouldknowextensiveliteratureknowledge.Atranslatorwhowantedtotranslatealiteraturecompositionshoulddohisefforttoaccumulatesomethingabouthistory,geography,custom,naturalstyleandfeatures,tranditionalcultureandsoonabouttheliteraturecomposition.Inadditional,translatorsshouldknowthebackgroundofageandtheauthor,styleoftheanthor.Moreextensiveknowledgethetranslatorshave,morethoroughlyhecancomprehendthemeaningoftheoriginal.

    Freetranslationisaskillintranslation.Translatorsshouldfirstcomprehendtheoriginalthoroughly,thentranslateitcorrectlybytargetlanguage,andacceptablelycomprehendtheoriginalthoroughlyisonthebasisofextensiveknowledgeandexcellentliteraturetraining.Somesuccessfultranslators,whentheyweretranslatingtheydidtheresearchontheoriginalauthoratthesametime.Aftertranslating,theybecameonexperttotheauthorandhiscomposition.Thisspiritisworthlytostudy.

    Let''''sseesomeexamples:⑨

    16)Whenthegoinggetstough,thetoughgetsgoing.

    Freetranslation:滄海橫流方顯英雄本色.

    Thewords"going"and"tough"havedifferentmeaning.ThetranslatorusedasentenceinaChinesepoemtotranslatethissentence.

    17)Faultsarethickwhereloveisthin.

    Freetranslation:一朝情義淡,樣樣不順眼.

    18)Youcanfoolallthepeoplesomeofthetimeandsomeofthepeopleallthetime,butyoucannotfoolallthepeopleallthetime.

    Freetranslation:騙人一夕一事易,欺眾一生一世難.

    19)OutoftheFULLNESSoftheheartthemouthspeaks.

    Freetranslation:盈于心則溢于言.

    Theexampleaboveareallfreetranslation.Translatorstranslatedthemnotonlysmoothlyandfluently,butalsoacceptableandaccordinglywithChineseculture.Inaddition,translatorsshouldknowextensiveidiomsaboutbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.Differentcountrieshavedifferentidioms.Sointranslation,someidiomsareunabletotranslateliterally.Translatorsshouldchangetheoriginalformintoanotherformwhichiseasytobeacceptedbytargetlanguagereaders.Thereby,conveythepurposeoftheoriginalwantedtoexpress

    Forexample:⑩

    20)WheninRome,doastheRomesdo.

    Freetranslation:入鄉隨俗.

    21)Acatonhotbricks.

    Freetranslation:熱鍋上的螞蟻.

    22)Toexpectone''''ssontobecomeanoutstandingpersonage.

    Freetranslation:望子成龍.

    23)Thedogthatwillfeechabonewillcarryabone.

    Freetranslation:以你說別人壞話的人,也會說你的壞話.

    Freetranslationdoesnotstrachytheformoftheoriginal.Iftranslatorswanttousefreetranslationproficiently.You''''dbettergraspextensiveknowledgeandcultureofbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.

    CONCLUTION:

    Ifusingliteraltranslationandfreetranslationproper,youwillsucceedintranslatingacomposition.Themostimportantintranslationisthewayinwhichhowtodearwiththecomplexproblemsofequivalencebetweenthesourceandtargetarticles.Butcompleteidentityofmessageisimportant,evenuseliteraltranslationonthedesignativelevelofimformativefunctiononecanonlyaimattheclosetapprorimotionandingeneralitisposibletoobtainafunctionallysatisfactorycorrespondace.

    Literaltranslationisagoodchoicetotranslatelivelyandclosely,astheoriginal.Itretainstheidea,styleandrhetoricoftheoriginal.Translatorsshouldgraspit.Literaltranslationisnotword-for-wordtranslation.Sometimes,translatorsshoulddosomechangeintranslationsothattheycanmakethetranslationmoreacceptable.Word-for-wordtranslationisunqualified.Notallsentencescantranslateliterally.Somesentences,ifusedliteraltranslationwouldnotbeaccordingwiththecultureoftargetlanguage.Especiallyforsomeidioms.Translatorsshouldhaveextensiveknowledge,comprehendtheoriginalthoroughly.Especiallyintranslatingsomeproffessionalmaterials.

    Freetranslationisaskill.Itneednotpaymoreattentiontotheformoftheoriginalandthedetails.Butfreetranslationshouldaccordwithtargetlanguagecultureandcustoms.Thentargetlanguagereaderscanaccepttranslationeasily.Thoughfreetranlationgivesleewaystotranslators,theyshouldnotaddpersonalemotiontotheoriginalworks.Becauseiftranslatorsaddedtheirownemotiontothetranslation,targetlanguagereadersandsourcelanguagereaderswouldhavedifferentfeeling.Sothetranslationisunqualified.Freetranslationalsoneedsextensiveknowledgeandcultureofbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.Translatorsshouldbeproviedewithliteraturetraining.Especiallyknowingsomeidiomsinbothtargetlanguageandsourcelanguageisveryimportant.

    Literaltranslationandfreetranslationaretwodifferentwayintranslation.Anexcellenttranslationincludsthistwokindsoftranslation.Anexcellenttranslatorcouldusethesetwokindsofwayproperlyandproficiently.Notranslatorscanuseliteraltranslationandfreetranslationproficientlyatbeginning.Allsuccessfultranslatorshavepractisedlots.Whentheyweretranslating,theyaccumulatedexperienceandknowledge.Aftertheyhavetranslatedsomecomposition,theyaccumulateextensiveknowledge.Sotranslatorsneedspractise.Andbothcontentandstyleareinsparabylinkedinanytext,andsuccessintranslationmeansdealingcreativelywithbothoftheseaspectofcommunication.

    ①P91Fanzhongyan1994ForeignLanguageTeachingAndResearchingPress.

    ②P92Fanzhongyan1994ForeignLanguageTeachingAndResearchingPress.

    ③P88Fanzhongyan1994ForeignLanguageTeachingAndResearchingPress.

    ④P88Fanzhongyan1994ForeignLanguageTeachingAndResearchingPress.

    ⑤P102Fanzhongyan1994ForeignLanguageTeachingAndResearchingPress.

    ⑥P92Fanzhongyan1994ForeignLanguageTeachingAndResearchingPress.

    ⑦P95Fanzhongyan1994ForeignLanguageTeachingAndResearchingPress.

    ⑧From:www.si-/schools/maoya.htm

    ⑨From:www.si-/schools/maoya.htm

    ⑩From:www.si-/schools/maoya.htm

    ABSTRACT

    Thisareticalisaboutliteraltranslationandfreetranslationandhowtouseliteraltranslationandfreetranslationproperly.literaltranslationisagoodchoicetouse,itkeepstheoriginalmessageform.Butliteraltranslationisnotword-for-wordtranslation.Somesentencesshouldnottranslateliterally.Becausethesesentencescontainsomeidiomsornotaccordingwiththecustomoftargetlanguage.Then,translaorsshouldusefreetranslation.Freetranslationisatranslationskillwhichisactive.Butfreetranslationcannotaddpersonalemotiontotheoriginalworks.Translationmustbeacceptablewhichusefreetranslation.Andfreetranslationskillneedsextensiveknowledgeandcultureofbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.Ifatranslatorwantstouseliteraltranslationandfreetranslationproficiently,practiseisthemostimportant.

    Bibliography:

    Fanzhongyan1994<ANAPPLIEDTHEORYOFTRANSLATION>ForeignLanguageTeachingAndResearchingPress

    <ANEWENGLISH-CHINESEDICTIONARY>1985ShanghaiTranslationPress

    Nida,EugeneA.1991Translation:PossibleandImpossible

    Elliott,Marion&PeterStrutt.<ANENGLISHREADER>,WilliamCollinsSonsandCo.Ltd.,1984

    Zhuguangqian<TALKABOUTTRANSLATION>1984ForeignLanguageTeachingAndResearchingPress

    CharlotteBronte<JANEEYRE>ShanghaiTranslationPress

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